The verbs have Voices and Moods.
The Voices (οι Φωνές) are two:
- The Active voice (η Ενεργητική Φωνή):
In the active voice the energy of the verb transfers to an object or
a person. It shows that the subject acts. Example: Εγώ πλένω
(I am washing)
- The Passive voice (η Παθητική Φωνή):
In the passive voice the energy of the verb is transfered to the subject itself. Example: Εγώ πλένομαι (I'm being washed).
The verbs of the active voice end in -ω,
while the verbs of the passive voice
end in -μαι. For both endings, we consider the verbs that are in the First person
in the Singular of the Present Tense.
The Moods ( οι Εγκλίσεις)
are the forms that the verb acquires to show its exact meaning
in relation to the subject. The basic Moods are three. There are also two more that we consider as Moods.
Table 34.1 shows you the Moods along with explanations.
Table 34.1
| Εγκλίσεις - Moods |
Explanation/examples |
Η Οριστική -
Indicative |
Indicates a fact. Something that for sure happened or will
happen.
Example:
Το παιδί παίζει (the kid is playing), or
Διάβασα το βιβλίο (I read the book).
|
Η Υποτακτική -
Subjunctive |
Indicates something that we await, want, desire, or imagine
to happen, or something conditional, opposite to the fact.
We can create the subjunctive by putting in front of the verb the words:
να (to),
ας (let's),
για να (for to),
όταν (when),
αν (if),
μη or
μην (don't).
Examples:
Ίσως να έλθει (perhaps she'll come), or
Εύχομαι να βρέξει (I hope it rains), or
Μπορώ να παίξω μετά (I can play later).
Note: The above verbs are in the Subjunctive of the Past Simple tense.
In the first person, the subjunctive of the Past Simple, ends in -ω.
|
Η Προστακτική -
Imperative |
Expresses command, order or wish. It uses the 2nd and 3rd person
and it has Present and Past Simple. For the third person it uses the
subjunctive and words
ας or
να.
Examples:
Διάβασε το μάθημά σου ( read your lesson), or
Ο Πέτρος ας δουλεύει (Let Peter work).
|
Το Απαρέμφατο -
The Infinite |
We use it for the creation of some tenses. It does not
get conjugated. If you take the past simple tense of a verb and take the
ε from the
front (if applicable) and add the -ει
in place of the ending you get the infinite.
Example:
The verb παίζω in the past simple is
έπαιξα. We take the
έ out and we end the
-ει at the end so we have
παίξει.
Παίξει is the infinite.
|
Η Μετοχή -
The Participle |
The participle is not conjugated in the active voice. It's
declined in the passive voice as an adjective (it has three genders).
Its formed by ending
-οντας or
-ώντας in place of the ending of the verb in the
active voice.
Examples in Active voice:
παίζ-ω (play) -
παίζ-οντας (playing)
μιλ-ώ (talk) -
μιλώντας (talking).
In the Passive voice its formed by ending
-μενος,
-μενη,
-μενο,
or -ομενος,
-ομενη,
-ομενο, at the end of the verb.
Look at the Examples:
δένο-μαι -
δε-μένος (tied)
κόβο-μαι -
κο-μένος (cut)
γράφο-μαι -
γραμ-μένος (written)
|
That was it for the verbs. If you don't understand everything
try studying the Lessons again. The next lesson will end the verbs.
Check our
Extras Directory for examples of
conjugation of the verbs in different tenses and moods.
|
The Auxiliary Verbs